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Notes -
What are you talking about, the most famous prisoner's dilemma is actually built around absence of information. You have games which are so huge that they are named as social dilemmas with potentially millions or even billions of players such as tragedy of commons.
The classic prisoner's dilemma is one of complete/perfect information about the game, including the opponent's payoff information. There are a variety of incomplete/imperfect information games (some people distinguish between the two), where a player may lack information about the environment, their own payoff, other parties' payoff, some form of secret goal/intention/capability/etc.
You are right that there is one piece of information that is lacking, namely, what specific strategy the opponent will, in fact, choose. Given that this is generically a feature of almost all games that are considered in the field, it is usually not a feature that gains the moniker of "incomplete/imperfect information". That is reserved for those other games, and things like the classic prisoner's dilemma are, indeed, called "complete information games".
Games in which one knows what specific strategy the opponent will pick are, in my own view of the field, not even properly called "games". They are simply optimization problems.
Sure, you however even have variants of prisoner's dilemma that are mapped for real world situations - such as iterated prisoner's dilemma that can be used to study problems like nuclear arms race. You can even include various real world information asymmetries - e.g. lack of information about opponents capabilities, their confidence and information about your capabilities, their level of "spite" so their willingness to act erratically etc. You have different games modeling economic behavior used to construct various types of auctions between many players etc.
The point being, that your original claim of how most game theory arguments assume a small number of competitors and perfect information is incorrect. In fact you could model the cancell culture as an arms race variant of group prisoners dilemma between two coalitions.
I was not the original commenter, so I made no such claim.
The extent to which game theory maps well to real world situations with humans participants is hotly debated, even among expert practitioners. My experience is that it is phenomenal how you can sometimes get abstractions for some particular problems that are quite beautiful and genuinely aid with intuition. However, as you increase the realism and complexity, many methods run into difficulty. Naturally, that's why we have a lot of work in those domains, to try to extend the set of formal problems where we have methods that work. There might be upper-level undergrad courses which can somewhat survey the simpler settings and mayyyybe touch a bit on the rest of the field, but I think it's most likely going to be a grad class, if one exists at your uni (you'd be surprised how rare they are), and honestly, it probably is still difficult to really survey the lot of it.
I don't know what the other commenter would say, but I personally have seen a ton of extremely shitty appeals to game theory when it comes to politics or morality. I haven't harped on the former yet (though it's been on the back of my mind to do so for a while), but I've definitely harped on the latter. The vast majority of folks who appeal to it for these purposes do not have any idea about these features of the field. The vast majority of them have, like, heard of the prisoner's dilemma. And that's sort of it. They know approximately zero more and just imagine the rest of the effin' owl in their mind.
I'll note the kind of funny bit that the classic iterated prisoner's dilemma is two participants, complete information. Yes, one can do imperfect/incomplete information or multiple-player, and there's a lot of interesting work there. Good luck if you think you're going to find someone in a forum like this who has a reasonable sense of the state of those parts of the field and is able to use it to usefully inform their view of politics/morality. It's always, over and over again, just repeats of arguments about chump-level understanding of variants of the iterated prisoner's dilemma.
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