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Notes -
As hydro said, the Amerindians were originally kept as separate as possible from the white American population. Amerindians weren't given unconditional birthright citizenship until 1924, and the reservations are still considered sovereign territory for their respective Indian nations. Later developments would take Indian policy in a more assimilationist direction, but that was mainly from a Christianizing perspective and not broadly miscegenatory.
While there was no official policy of extermination, there was a considerable amount of more active efforts to expedite the withering process.
From Mark Twain's "Following The Equator":
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