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This is one thing for a trial judge (whether state or federal district) to do, but it's another for an appellate court, especially a secondary one. By that point, there has been extensive litigation, and lower courts have made rulings based on the presentations of the parties.
There is the danger of advisory opinions, but in general I agree. Citizens United came about after a first round of oral arguments, orders for more briefing, and then more oral arguments to end up with a broad ruling, and I think that's the much better way to go.
However, the Supremes do the "ruling on the narrowest possible procedural grounds" trick all the time in other (fully-briefed, not emergency docket) cases. Roberts is the king of such opinions. Gattsuru can probably provide a laundry list of times the Court (or circuit courts) have pulled that trick in firearm cases. That's exactly what they did in Masterpiece Cakeshop and Fulton v. Philadelphia. And then there are times I swear they grant cert on cases with terrible procedural posture just so they can more easily manipulate the outcome.
Here, where it's a ruling on a stay regarding a preliminary injunction, it strikes me as especially bad to change the arguments at the highest level. There hasn't been full briefing by the parties, no amicus briefs, and no oral arguments. It's on a short timeframe with a limited record. That should be the time to stick to the exact arguments presented and issue narrow rulings.
We're in 100% agreement on that part.
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