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Absolute biggest is the birthright citizenship case, Trump v. Barbara. Probably drops last day of the term, between the late sitting and its controversial nature win or lose. The Trump EO is less obviously crazy than it seems at first glance, and Native Americans needing a separate statute for automatic citizenship is both a good argument in Trump's favor and what should be the correct solution here, but it's literally unprecedented stare decisis issues and I think it ends up with Roberts punting to Congress if anything is gonna change, maybe two dissenters. Other immigration cases are pretty well-known and not hugely likely to be ground-shaking. Noem v. Al Oltro Lado is gonna blow up and also be just embarassingly stupid.
Trump v. Slaughter is the big independent agencies question, and it's kinda a fact-specific mess, but whatever lines it draws are going to be weird and novel and probably impactful, if for stupid reasons. And the media's gonna love the name.
There's a Voting Rights Act case, it's going to Alito unless he pissed multiple other justices off in the last couple weeks (possible; he was trying to throw Robinson to overboard, and with some cause), and it's going to be a massive culture war touchpoint. I'll admit I don't pay a lot of attention to that caselaw, though, and it's possible it vanishes into paroxysms of technicalities. Bost, already released, falls into a similar boat - it's a good thing and important that questionable laws re: voting processes can be challenged, but I don't think the specifics of that case matter much.
For already-argued gun cases, the two big ones are Wolford (Hawaii's "vampire rule") and Hemani ("possession by drug addict" with a ton of other background stuff). Wolford's a gimme and unfortunately also likely to be extremely limited to its four corners as a result -- it's the exact type of law Bruen specifically said not to do, and SCOTUS only granted on the tightest limits of that question -- but Hemani (to my surprise!) is looking like it could be closer or even favorable rather than the pro-gun-control shutout I expected.
Likely? Hard to say.
Trans stuff: Foote v Ludlow is getting a lot of relists; it's basically the question in Mirabelli, squarely presented (if in the most culture-war-heavy loading), the lower court decisions were a charlie foxtrot, there's a messy circuit split. But the facts are contested (and not just whether the kid is genderqueer: the school argues that the 'secret transition' policies might not exist, kinda?), and 303 Creative seems to have given SCOTUS more caution on that. But
There's a few qualified immunity / excessive force cases that are popping up, though I'm pretty convinced that's the libertarian equivalent of Lucy with the football, even compared to gun stuff. I think there's a few cert petitions up around voting policies, but I follow those very loosely.
For gun stuff, there's a bunch of them all scheduled for 4/17 now, but that's not really much info. From most to least likely cert (or GVR)...
Hardware cases: Grok has Duncan v. Bonta around 40%, and it's gotten GVR'd before. I'm... not quite so optimistic, given Snope. Still, Duncan (and Gators and Viramontes and Lamont and Higgins, all getting constantly relisted) are in many ways the last real chance to handle this case as a matter of first impression: every circuit that's going to have a hardware ban has something on final judgement coming up or resolved. Anything after this will get much more circumscribed legal and factual analysis, not to mention how much it would radicalize even the moderates post-Snope. Benson in D.C.'s left a circuit split, technically, even if it's certain to get en banc'd? But Benson's ultimately an as-applied challenge, significantly more controversial than any Safe Professional Nice Guy that SAF and such have brought for their carefully farmed cases, and it's DC. As ironic as it would be for Heller's Gun Question to end up before SCOTUS again over a decade later after Heller II, it just would be a weird case to wait for. But Roberts and Kavanaugh may just want to punt forever.
Concealed carry permits: Gardner is a potential sleeper: critical and strictly federal question, extremely gun-friendly facts, and ultimately is trying to throw an innocent woman in prison for not having a license she couldn't even apply to get. But the facts are hugely specific, it's something that could be thrown as requiring a futile expression and remanded, and SCOTUS has ducked on variants of this question before. It's also a major underdog: Gardner had to file in forma pauperis before the normal gunnie sphere even heard about the case, though she thankfully has real representation now.
Public transportation carry: Schoenthal's also up for cert, but it's an even longer shot. The lower circuit opinion cut an absolute hole in Bruen, but it's not even unusually bad on that at this point, and while public transportation is important, it's important in a way that the justices are near-certain to flinch from.
Prohibited persons: there's an absolute mess of them, they're almost all ugly and controversial cases, so I'd love to say zero shot from a court that ducked questions like "are counterfeit cassettes signs of future violence". But there is Hemani. On the gripping hand, the feds have (temporarily) put an appeal and reversal process for federal prohibited persons, so there's even more reason to punt the question here.
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