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Notes -
I feel like social contract theory gets at a lot of this.
The 'so long as he does not impunge on the commons' part of B is where a lot of the practical considerations are hidden, given that there's essentially zero land on the planet that isn't claimed by some person or entity already. Natural rights make a lot of sense if you are talking about an unclaimed frontier, but once everything is already claimed, the whole 'what nature provides' thing stops being practically relevant, and all your discussions are about the relationships between people and the things they own.
And when we're talking about that, I'm pretty happy saying something like: No, people do not have the natural right to be protected from the consequences of their bad decisions, nor even from the slings and arrow of outrageous fortune. that they had no control over.
But people do have the natural right to cooperate on projects, and one of those projects can be something like 'a democratic government concerned with the general welfare of the people inside it, including shielding them from suffering and harm whatever the origin'.
And it turns out that's a pretty popular project that a lot of people like and want to get on board with.
And once a project like that has laid claim to a certain plot of land, it has the natural right to use that land however it wants, including saying 'anyone who lives on our land has to pay such-and-such taxes to be used for such-and-such purposes, and will get one vote to influence everything the project does including those taxes and that spending'.
At that point, I feel like natural rights have pretty much been satisfied and are not very relevant to the everyday questions about what the people in that project decide to do anymore. Aside form ensuring exit rights, which the US at least has.
If someone imagined that such a project did not exist and that the land they lived on was not owned by such a project, then they might think that they were still in the state of nature where their natural rights predominated. But they'd simply be mistaken.
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