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Yes, they could have, but why would they have, for Taiwan? And, as the old bumper sticker said, "one nuclear bomb can ruin your whole day." There might have been a 99% chance that a first strike would eliminate all Chinese nukes, but what,exactly, would have been worth it to the US to take that risk? Not to mention the global ramifications of a first strike.
Well for one thing it would make a lot of sense to devour infant threats in the cradle, Kronos-style. That tactic worked out fine for Kronos, it was only that through the intervention of others Zeus arrived and overthrew him. Failing to destroy/subjugate/weaken one's future rivals is a huge mistake.
It is wise to bully the weak and negotiate with the strong. The US seems to have adopted the reverse tactic, providing assistance and consideration when China was weak and suppression/condemnation now that it is strong. Just think how hysterical the media would be if China pulled a Tienanmen or a 3rd Taiwan straits crisis today! And yet back in '89 and '94 the US did effectively nothing to suppress China - they actually thought strengthening the country with trade and investment would make them more compliant to US authority. This is extremely stupid and wrong in a way that should've been visible then but that's not my main point.
My main point is that Deng would not start a war he'd surely lose. He had nuclear inferiority, conventional inferiority, general inferiority. Since China was weak, he'd have to grin and bear it if Taiwan nuclearized. He wouldn't even have the excuse that there's a precedent to invading countries one suspects of developing weapons of mass destruction!
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