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It really didn't. It meant "charging straight at the enemy's prepared across a muddy field and relying on your glittering form to terrify them into running away" was even MORE stupid than it might otherwise have been, but that kind of thing also failed against armies without longbows.
It just meant that the knights had to get a bit more sophisticated with their tactics. Speed and aggression, as at the battle of Patay, or use of pinning and flanking maneuvers, such as at Formigny, saw thousands of English longbowmen cut down by French chivalry.
Other people have covered how the longbow takes a lifetime to master - and English Longbowmen were capable melee fighters themselves, with coats of brigandine and rondel daggers specifically designed to get at the weak joints of plate armor.
But also, the Longbow did not "one-shot" a man in armor. The advantage of the longbow came from (1) its ability to loose arrows in a ballistic arc instead of just the flat trajectory of crossbow bolts, (2) the incredible rate of fire that seasoned longbowmen could muster for brief periods of time, and (3) the longbow's effective range.
Individual longbow arrows were nuisances to a man in full-plate. But shoot 150 arrows at him and one will likely find a joint or seam, or just ring his bell hard enough that he'll fall down (and in plate, a man on the ground is essentially dead, either to a swarming enemy or to getting trampled by his own side). Also, those arrows were murder on enemy horses.
There was no unified French command structure at Agincourt. You had four or five different French lords with their own forces. Since each one individually had more troops than the entire English army, they were more concerned about getting in there and getting credit for the victory than about survival and overall victory, which already seemed assured. So instead of a unified attack on the English line, you had several piecemeal assaults that got diced up and defeated in detail. They forgot to achieve Harry, and then sell his bones.
They also let the bowmen get set up and deploy their stakes, didn't bother to think ahead about the effect the churned-up muddy field would have on successive charges, were dumb enough to run down their own missile troops out of impatience and malice, and didn't bother to vary their axis of advance substantively. Just an absolute disaster from the jump.
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All true.
And why its fair to say Artillery is the modern day equivalent there.
You might still survive an Artillery barrage if you're in a heavily armored vehicle, but the existence of heavy artillery forever changed the tactics involved.
Obviously Cavalry was still used straight up into WWI itself, and flanking, exploiting weaknesses in the ranks and running down retreating enemies was still useful for a long time, but the days of 'individual glory' on the battlefield kinda ceased when massed projectiles are a risk.
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