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Notes -
The one-word (and the 20th century) answer is "nationalism", the one-sentence answer is "because being under the Russian empire is still in living memory and they would prefer the American one, also conscription" on the Ukrainian side and "because the Army is paying quite a bit, also conscription" on the Russian side.
The world was a lot more multi-polar back then and the subjects living under those empires actually felt common cause with that empire. Hence colony willingness to participate in the Great European Mass Suicide of 1914. No, I think the only war your average first-world citizen would fight (ignoring the US, because they're the only Western country for which the above applies) is civil, let alone its average military-aged male.
Jingoism is still mostly the domain of the old, though.
Any nation can do conscription and pay. Pacifists are always disappointed. People of all ages love war initially, it's cool.
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