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Notes -
Pre-modern Christians absolutely did believe that hell was literally beneath the earth and that heaven was literally in the sky. As scientific understanding has advanced, Christianity (and other religions) have reduced their claims to make them unfalsifiable. It's not that the spiritual cannot be explored by physical measurements. It's that the results of those investigations were negative, so religions retreated to the motte of unmeasurability.
Of course, religous people still talk about stuff that physically happened as evidence of the divine (e.g. you meeting your wife), but experiments that actually test things like prayer and find them wanting get explained away, typically by saying that you can't test God (as if a normal prayer asking for stuff isn't doing exactly that).
Have you been there? Most people believe in things like Antarctica or Australia while never even having been there.
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