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I think 'intelligence' if defined in 'practical' terms is "the efficiency with which one can absorb and process the information in an environment, then utilize (or at least theorize how) the material in the local environment to achieve particular goals."
The more complex the goals one can achieve, and the more efficiently they can achieve them, the higher the intelligence.
The Von Neumann/Manhattan Project parallel I'm drawing makes this point. Given all the materials necessary to make a nuclear weapon, how quickly can a particular group of humans go from merely theorizing about the possibility to actually getting one built.
A group of humans that includes Von Neumann and other Physics PhDs, with the backing of the U.S. military, can get it done in, say, 5 years.
A similarly sized group of humans of utterly average intelligence (as measured by IQ)... probably never. Even WITH the backing of the U.S. military.
One Von Neumann and a bunch of average IQ humans... well I don't know.
A whole bunch of Von Neumans working together...
I don't think that's a terrible definition, but it still ends up bounded by the amount of information in the environment available to feed into your intelligence. A third eye would give humans "more information", but probably wouldn't improve our intelligence substantially. I'm sure there are some perfectly capable blind physicists out there.
The other question is what a bunch of Von Neumann clones could do today. IIRC the idea of an atomic bomb was at least known before the Manhattan Project started. It's hard to know in foresight what sort of advances could be made in the next five years, and which will prove intractable. It'd be awesome to solve fusion power, but it's taken well more than five years so far. I'm not sure that the geography of "the possible future" is well enough known to make great claims about what could be there: not all advances that can be seen are inherently terrible.
I expect a LOT. Assuming they could cooperate, which I think they would. This guy literally founded Game Theory among other things.
Like, the other path to superintelligence might be to clone like 10 Von Neumanns, raise them according to best practices, and get them interested in the idea of creating Friendly AI, then give them a lab with a trillion dollars in funding.
Yes yes, lets bound it to "useful," "nonredundant" information. Still, a superintelligence should be able to make use of almost all information it receives second-to-second to make accurate predictions about its future so as to better use resources for its goals.
See, lemme zero in on this for emphasis. Yes, it is indeed hard.
But the higher 'intelligence' entities, given accurate information (ensuring the information you collect is true is another aspect of intelligence!), should ALWAYS be better at making such predictions than lower intelligence ones.
High IQ humans were at least discussing Artificial Intelligence and putting forth timelines for its appearance. And I suspect realized what was happening when AlphaGo beat Sedol. If I were maybe 10 points smarter, I would have plowed money into NVDIA then and there, or at least as soon as people realized AI could run on GPUs.
Average IQ humans might now get that AI has arrived and can figure out uses for it, but would NEVER have seen it coming 5 years out, even if you showed them a complete factual article explaining the AlphaGo Sedol situation. How do I know? I TRIED VERY HARD to explain the implications back when it happened. I also tried to explain the implications when DallE first arrived on the scene. Now these folks I tried explaining to use image generators without a thought!
Low IQ humans, presumably, STILL don't really get what AI is or what it does.
This is why making falsifiable predictions and tracking their outcomes is kind of critical for smart folks to stay calibrated.
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