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Culture War Roundup for the week of July 10, 2023

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But, does O'Mahoney make a claim that people in Ireland identify as a separate nationality

I'm not sure but the distinction between 'Gael' and 'Englishman' was very common and goes back at least as far as the 12th century and the 'Gael' and 'Gall' (foreigner i.e Vikings) the 9th.

and have an intrinsic right to a separate state on that basis alone, or does he merely that they did not consent to being ruled by the English?

If they don't consent to being ruled by the English than what's the alternative? A concept of self-rule is implicit in the complaint.

Also, how much was the uprising in Ireland tied to the ongoing religious conflict in England and environs?

It was intensified by the religious split but it long predated it. The Norman conquerers basically became Gaelicised and adopted the local language, loyalties and customs and England's defacto holdings shrank. Things naturally tended towards Ireland being its own political world until the English reasserted their claim in the 16th century.