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Notes -
To list the two most obvious negative effects:
The USA currently controls global standards for a lot of things. It does so because it's the head of the Western bloc and the Western bloc has dominance. If you let the Chinese build up a bloc that has dominance, then they will wrest control of most of those, and you won't like their standards.
The Non-Proliferation Treaty holds because and only because of "nuclear umbrellas", particularly the US one (though the Soviet/Russian one is not negligible either). If the US nuclear umbrella is not reliable, half of its allies will start nuclear programmes because they need them to be safe from Russian/Chinese aggression. This is not good; it means less-competent nations having nukes they could lose, and it means more potential nuclear-war flashpoints because there are more actors in play.
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