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Nothing prevents the employer from offering higher pay to the worker to keep them there. People, especially migrants who are new to the country will place a premium on stability so unless they're being paid significantly under what they could get on the free market and the employer refuses to budge the large majority of them will choose to stay put.
Depends on the enterprise. Employees can easily graduate the pay scale of one organization especially in tech.
This is also a key problem with the industry that would be solved if the market was less confounded by things like H1B visas. Very few people have to leave the car dealership they work at to get paid fairly.
Car sales jobs have some of the highest turnover rates of any job in the US. North American Dealership Association says 7% monthly turnover in 2019 on page 5 which works out to about 60% / year turnover.
It would be hard to come up with a worse example to demonstrate your point. I think you could rescue it by talking about defense companies, particularly aerospace, instead. Employees of those companies genuinely don't have to deal with pressure to be competitive in the global market, and those jobs are famously highly paid and offer great job security.
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