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To a first approximation, everyone is bad at math, and it's a rare person who applies it thoroughly to all parts of their lives. As a more immediate demonstration than abstractions around compensation, just pay a Starbucks worker cash for your latte and see them figure out the change.
For this particular case, union officials are absolutely aware of this, and I don't think it's common for a bargaining committee to push a fix to this as a demand during contract negotiations. Or, honestly, that it happens at all. Union staff have plenty of people who can do math. But it is an effective rhetorical move: it's evergreen and will always be true, so once the disparity becomes a true-ism among workers, it can be called on in any situation. The alternative would be to focus on e.g. profits. In which case, the rhetoric would entirely lose its potency: if high profits mean workers should get higher pay, then low or nonexistent profits would undercut any argument for improved pay.
Even if the math did work, there’s always the CEO’s perfect out— outsource their front-line labor to a company that does staffing and then only be compared to the C-Suite officers who make 80% of what he does. And I can’t imagine putting all coffhouse staffing under a temp to hire company is going to improve conditions let alone pay as it now makes wage competition nonexistent.
I literally can't imagine how bad the coffee would be from a company using pure temps.
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