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Culture War Roundup for the week of August 3, 2026

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Pre-AI slop was actually good - and AI ruined it

I've seen many claims that "Slop existed before AI" and that means AI isn't destroying the internet. I believe that is absolutely false. The OG slop was actually good, and now it's gone.

Let's define exactly what we're talking about. The slop is web content created by marketing teams, at the absolute lowest cost possible, in order to improve search engine ranking. Let's look at a specific example: when looking up a term mentioned in another post I came across slop created by the same company and same marketing team, but years apart. Let's see if you can tell which slop is worthless garbage ruined by AI, and which is slop that despite being slop may actually be slightly useful.

Critical Insights into Hostile Witness Designation: What It Means When a Lawyer Asks for Permission to Treat the Witness as Hostile

In today's hypercompetitive legal landscape, every advantage matters—especially when it comes to managing witness testimony. A seemingly simple request by a lawyer to treat a witness as hostile can fundamentally change the dynamics of a trial and even determine its outcome. Research indicates that strategic use of this tactic can help uncover inconsistencies, expose bias, and ultimately strengthen a case. This comprehensive guide is designed for legal professionals, law students, and litigators who want to delve into the complexities of hostile witness designations and understand the full strategic, procedural, and ethical dimensions of this courtroom tool. We have optimized this article using high-ranking keywords such as “hostile witness designation,” “treat witness as hostile,” and “litigation strategies” to ensure it not only provides unmatched value but also performs strongly in search engine rankings.

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What Does It Mean When A Lawyer Says “Permission To Treat The Witness As Hostile?”

We asked attorneys throughout the United States what it means when a lawyer says “Permission to treat the witness as hostile?” Several attorneys responded and our readers might find what they said interesting. We hope you enjoy their answers.

It means that the witness you call to testify is not on your side, i.e., is ‘hostile’ to your client’s position. Nevertheless, you want to call that witness to testify in your case (in which you’re trying to prove your case, not disprove the other side’s) for other reasons, i.e., to fill in some facts that need to be stated for you to satisfy your burden of putting into evidence all of the facts necessary to demonstrate your entitlement to bring the claims your client has asserted. If the Judge accepts your assertion that the witness is hostile to your case, you are permitted to ‘lead’ the witness with questions like, ‘isn’t it true that the light was red when you first observed the blue car?’ If the witness is not ‘hostile’ the lawyer is not permitted to ‘lead’ the witness, i.e., to suggest the answer to the question. All you’re allowed to do is to ask open-ended questions like ‘where were you on the 20th of March? Who, if anyone else, was also there?’

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Both of these articles were created with the exact same intention: to enhance search engine ranking at the lowest cost possible. Yet one of them makes the internet a better place, and the other one ruins it. I might even contend that when a human is tasked with writing worthless fluff, that human can't help but to try to insert some nuggets of truth into that fluff. It's simply human nature. AI has no such compulsion.

Whatever you now find weird, ugly, uncomfortable and nasty about a new medium will surely become its signature. CD distortion, the jitteriness of digital video, the crap sound of 8-bit - all of these will be cherished and emulated as soon as they can be avoided. It’s the sound of failure: so much modern art is the sound of things going out of control, of a medium pushing to its limits and breaking apart. The distorted guitar sound is the sound of something too loud for the medium supposed to carry it. The blues singer with the cracked voice is the sound of an emotional cry too powerful for the throat that releases it. The excitement of grainy film, of bleached-out black and white, is the excitement of witnessing events too momentous for the medium assigned to record them.

Brian Eno, A Year With Swollen Appendices

This guy is full of crap

CD distortion

Red book cd is the closest we're ever going to get to perfect undistorted audio in the mainstream. Streaming is a slight step down unless you use a meme audiophile service like tidal. 99% of listeners can't tell the difference in a blind test.

jitteriness of digital video

What?

the crap sound of 8-bit - all of these will be cherished and emulated as soon as they can be avoided. It’s the sound of failure: so much modern art is the sound of things going out of control,

8bit is perfectly in control. 8bit synth is basically an instument and artists make the music on it that they can.

The distorted guitar sound is the sound of something too loud for the medium supposed to carry it.

True, though generally made as an artistic choice rather than unavoidable.

The blues singer with the cracked voice is the sound of an emotional cry too powerful for the throat that releases it.

Singers have to practice and learn techniques to make these sounds

You're just proving his point. All of these used to be, at some point in time, seen as technical limitations worthy of contempt. Now they're deliberate artistic choices.

Early CD compression has a unique sound, which is what many a 2000s nostalgia pieces are now trying to recreate, go play Night-Runners: Prologue for a good example.

The jitteriness of digital video is so common an aesthetic you may not even notice it anymore, mainly because we don't associate video with digital video tape which is what created all those artifacts and motivated the continued existence of film for some, but half of modern horror relies on it. And even purely digital artifacts have had this phenomenon. You can look at this year's Ghost in the Shell for lots of proeminent examples. It pays big homage to pixel sorting and other databending techniques which only exist to recreate and magnify the quirks of digital media.

8bit music used to be seen as ridiculous and antiquated when we finally managed to have decent sounding music on the SNES. And now you don't even consider it as "wrong" or "poor", it's just another genre of music, with its own nobility. QED.

No. There is no such thing as cd compression. Cds do not have distortion period. He is full of shit.

Brian Eno is full of shit about music production. Well, golly gosh.

Other revelations:

Escoffier was full of shit about cookery, he couldn't boil an egg.

Newton was full of shit about physics, he had no idea what planet he was living on.

Pasteur was full of shit about microbiology, dude didn't even wipe the cow dung off his milk bottles.

Be pendantic about bitrate if you want, dynamic range compression is a thing, the loudness wars did happen and Californication sounded like shit on CD at the time, and so did much of the output from 1995 to 2002 in a way that was noticeable enough to create a style.

We can argue about the technicalities of how that happened, audiophile forums probably have terabytes of flamewars about the specifics at this point. But that's all besides the general point about how people perceive media over time.

I think Eno was talking about reader distortions anyways. Which are also a staple of eerie sound design now.

In other words, Audio CDs did not use audio data compression (the techniques used to make things like MP3 files smaller, at the expense of making the audio sound slightly distorted), but did often use dynamic range compression (an audio editing technique used to make the volume of a song more consistent, by making quiet sounds louder and/or making loud sounds quieter).