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Small-Scale Question Sunday for April 9, 2023

Do you have a dumb question that you're kind of embarrassed to ask in the main thread? Is there something you're just not sure about?

This is your opportunity to ask questions. No question too simple or too silly.

Culture war topics are accepted, and proposals for a better intro post are appreciated.

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How a probable or improbable is it that humans had invented electronic devices before this modern era?

How far back?

I could see a good argument for Newton or his contemporaries getting a decent theory of electric potential 50-100 years ahead of schedule. Most of the early discoveries in electricity got their potential from voltaic piles rather than spinning generators. That means steam engines aren't a prerequisite. I'm less sure if the chemical and metallurgical developments of the Industrial Revolution were a bottleneck. Zinc wasn't readily available in Europe until the mid-1700s; that would make voltaic piles less likely. My understanding of battery chemistry is way too weak to tell what could be done without plentiful zinc.

Anyway, early-1700s Europe might have managed it. Maybe. What about going earlier? Take a look at the state of metallurgy in 1556. They are able to assay and extract a variety of elements, but not zinc or magnesium. There is not yet a functional theory of chemistry; just processes developed over decades. I don't think the Europeans of this era have much chance of developing electric potential, and without voltage, they won't discover electronic devices.