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Notes -
The Greeks and Spanish seem to have a very low amount of Indo-European ancestry according to your graph despite being some of the great civilisations of Europe, am I misreading you somewhere?
A lot of Spain’s initial leadership during its golden age was actually Dutch/Belgian by ancestry and the Spanish upper classes at least claimed to be of mostly visigothic descent in contrast to the peasants. I don’t think that’s the explanatory factor, I just think we should note that if we’re discussing HBD in relation to the Spanish empire we should note the nobility were more Germanic than average and the military was dominated by Dutchmen.
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