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Notes -
As I've noted before, the thing with women being more left-wing than men is actually quite a recent development; up until the 70s, in Western countries, women were more likely than men to vote for conservative parties, while socialist parties were more appealing to men.
Of course, what happened after that was the second wave of feminism, but also general secularization. Back when conservatism was more appealing to women, it was more out-and-out religious. Religious conservatism is rare in Europe and on a downward slope in America, and what replaces it as the bedrock of conservatism is nationalism, but that's not all that appealing to women; nationalism has always been very much a boy's movement, concentrated on warlike soldier imagery where women have at most the role of birthing the next generation of warriors. Christian churches tend to be male-dominated at the top as well, of course, but they have always also carved a wide role for women, both in things like the Marian devotions and in keeping the various parish functions and charity committees running - and the spiritual appeal of religion is quite universal.
Women are more likely to be conformist and vote for whoever has the power. In Russia, women are more likely to support Putin than men (at least it was so before 2022)
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