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I would argue that neither qualify as a large evolutionary change.
If humans did not have the ability to digest milk and recently acquired it, that would be amazing. What happened instead is that all viable humans in the ancestral environment had the genes for the ability to digest milk, but it was advantageous not to waste any energy on producing the enzymes after you were weaned. I suppose that in lactose tolerant humans, the configuration to turn off lactase was broken. (WP confirms that is it simply two single-nucleotide polymorphism -- exactly the opposite of a large evolutionary change!)
Skin color is the same. Almost all humans in the ancestral environment were able to produce melanin. Obviously the trade-offs between getting less skin cancer and producing less vitamin D depend on the amount of sunlight you are exposed to.
More interesting recent changes (though arguably also not a large one) might be the Ashkenazi intelligence gains, or perhaps the acclimation of some peoples to great heights. Still not on a 'new proteins' level, but a bit broader than just the two SNP changes of lactose tolerance or a few dialing down the melanin.
Not sure if the rate of gut related genetic inheritable syndromes and prevalence of neuroticism is worth it tbh.
I hadn't known about that. Now I do, and it explains a lot. Guess it's not parenting or alcohol or coffee, no, my issues are down to genetic predisposition! Who'd have guessed.
You might not think it is but it do, seriously take a look at random genetic disorders and corelate if they have anything to do with the gastrointestinal tract and population. It's crazy. You have Crohn's, Gaucher,Tay-Sachs,Cystic fibrosis, BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations (autosomal dominant, cancer predisposition): Carrier rate ~ 1 in 40 (vs. 1 in 400 in general pop).
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If 1-2SD changes in intelligence don't require a "large" evolutionary change, then HBD can be true without requiring "large" evolutionary changes, and @magic9mushroom's skepticism of those is irrelevant.
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