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Notes -
The affordability crisis just got worse. 10-year yields are up bigly today and are back above 5% as a bad CPI print has made a 50% hike more likely.
What are these Fed chairs even thinking?
High rates are a major cause of the affordability crisis. At 3%, inflation is honestly no big deal. But 8% mortgage rates absolutely are a big deal for people who are trying to buy a house.
But perhaps people bid based on what the bank will lend which in turn is based on what monthly payment they can afford? I'm not an economist, but it seems to me that high interest rates should make housing prices lower than they otherwise would be, especially for first home type properties.
You hear stories about Boomers who bought houses dirt cheap back in the 60s and 70s -- perhaps part of the reason was that mortgage rates were relatively high back then.
It's not a free lunch, but lower rates will increase affordability.
Consider the boomer who pays cash. He is not affected by the interest rate so a lower interest rate does not cause him to buy a more expensive house. These buyers are actually a large segment of the market.
Furthermore, housing is not a static commodity in every place. Lower rates will make construction of new houses more viable.
So, yes, lowering rates will increase cost, but also increase affordability.
We're measuring raw inflation. What we should be measuring is the "true feel" of inflation which includes interest rates. If inflation were 4% and mortgages were 4% that would "feel" a lot more affordable than 3% inflation and 7% mortgages like we have now. This is what I am claiming the Fed gets wrong.
I'm kinda skeptical of this. Maybe if we are talking about vacation houses or houses in retirement communities? Do you happen to have a source?
I think you may have a point here. I was thinking about where I live (Northeastern United States) where housing prices are heavily driven by the value of the underlying land. If there is an affordability crisis in some area with lots of land (Georgia? Texas? I don't know), then yeah, I agree that higher interest rates would tend to make the problem worse. From what I hear, there is a housing glut in those types of places but I don't follow it very carefully.
To reiterate, I'm not an economist, but it seems to me that mortgage rates will necessarily be higher than the rate of inflation. Because otherwise, the banks are facing a high likelihood that their loans will be paid back with dollars worth significantly less than what's necessary to make a profit. Do you agree?
According to ChatGPT, about 27% of home purchases are all cash.
Yes, over the long term I would expect that's true. But not in the short term. In 2022, going by memory here, you could still get a mortgage for like 3% while inflation was hitting 9%.
Right now we have the opposite situation where the real yield of bonds is the highest it has been since the 1990s.
This is roughly correct.
I'm sure the professional econometricists have more sophisticated models that include more factors and lags, but I think the rough picture is "supposed to" be like this: Higher core inflation affects investor and consumer expectations for long-term inflation. The Fed, trying to implement its dual mandate, tries to contain this by adjusting the federal funds rate.
The funds rate, however, acts most directly on the front end of the yield curve, while the long end responds to expectations of future short-term rates and the term premium. So the effect on the long end can be muted, and it doesn't necessarily move in lockstep with the funds rate. Eventually, if they pull hard enough and long enough with the curve inverted, the long end will also move.
Investors then trade agency MBS at a spread over Treasuries, based on current expectations for the risk premia required to compensate for interest-rate, prepayment, and liquidity risks (and those spreads aren't necessarily always positive). People's actual mortgages are then quoted at an additional spread that accounts for origination and servicing costs, lender margin, your personal risk, percent down, the local market, etc. (plus whatever policy shenanigans are going on at Fannie and Freddie with guarantee fees).
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