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From /u/gwern (@gwern ?): analysis on China’s semiconductor industry.
Recent export controls are directly targeting the Chinese ability to fabricate cutting-edge chips. The subsequent effect on electronics prices and the much-maligned supply chain won’t be pleasant—especially for China, and especially if their industry is already slumping. Consequences for the rest of the world are left as an exercise to the reader.
Given the forum, it’s not surprising that the focus is on AI. I’m more interested in the geopolitical outlook. This is an incentive to retaliate, perhaps even against the other regional semiconductor fabricator. And it is suggested that the timing is a calculated insult to Chinese leadership, as they are apparently going through a periodic dog-and-pony show of elections. Gwern suggests that China would otherwise be raising hell.
The counterpart in US domestic politics: crunching semiconductor supply will not mix well with inflation. I don’t think adding $50 to the next iPhone will make or break Democrats, but it seems unlikely to help.
I want to place predictions, but I don’t have a good grasp of the metrics involved. Place your bets, I guess, for:
China taking economic action
China taking military action
Consequences on Chinese industry
Tech policy towards China becoming a wedge issue in American politics
My greatest hope with these export controls are that they're merely graft. Biden has been championing the domestic semiconductor industry, with Congress granting tens of billions in subsidies to build domestic manufacturing. Maybe he's getting a kickback from the companies that benefit. Not the actual semiconductor companies, but the firms and unions involved in constructing and maintaining these specific facilities.
The alternative is that this is preparation for imminent war. The administration are not so dumb that they think this will permanently hinder Chinese industry. I've seen experts forecast that they'll probably be able to develop what they need in 2-3 years.
Why disrupt American industry so greatly for a mere 2-3 years of strategic advantage?
As Gwern points out, this may provoke a response from China. America dictating to a Taiwanese company that it can't sell its wares to China certainly seems like a violation of at least the spirit of the vague One China policy. That's a policy that the West already gets almost all of the benefit from. All China gets out of it is face-saving. The West and Taiwan get to treat Taiwan like a country in every way except name. They even get to have diplomatic relations, and embassies, just by another name.
What would America do if China controlled a vast amount of the world's rare earth mineral mines and decided that they'll no longer sell the products of those mines to America or its allies? Wait, they already do control a vast amount of rare earth minerals. Maybe that's the next step in this dumb escalatory spiral.
What if it were laughably trivial, and instead China secured exclusive access to all avocados grown south of the United States border? Would the United States do nothing?
That's what the Chinese did to Japan during the dispute over the Senkaku/Diaoyu islands, they suspended rare earth exports.
One thing about rare earths (or any resource really) is that there is a nearly unlimited supply at the right price. While China could hamper some industry temporarily, there are plenty of rare Earths available elsewhere, they just aren't economical to extract at current prices.
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