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Notes -
Some examples that might be helpful.
I remember it being a minor plot point in Money by Martin Amis, where the protagonist has to break it to a certain Spunk Davis that he'll have to pick a different stage name if he wants to make it in the UK.
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Most Americans would be familiar with that use of ‘bugger’, although it sounds like an old person, or ‘to pull’ in that sense. Slag sounds like a British insult for a loose woman, but I didn’t already know it, and I’ve definitely heard ‘spunk’ used as a noun for the same term in American English, but not a verb.
Spunk is a noun not a verb. In the words of a great man:
“You’ve got spunk and balls… and I like that in a woman.”
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My impression is that even in the US, 'spunk' to mean 'spirit' or' daring' is in the decline, probably because of the spread of 'spunk' in the obscene sense?
From Australia I am accustomed to the verb 'bugger' as a pretty light swear. I might say, "oh, bugger me" or "bugger this" in public and it's about the same level as 'crap'. 'Bugger' is not as rude as the F word, for instance, as you can probably tell from the fact that I do not hesitate to write 'bugger' but I do hesitate to write the F word.
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Oh "spunk" would still primarily be used as a noun in the UK too. I was using "ejaculate" as a noun, not a verb.
“Snape!” nutted Slughorn, who looked the most shaken, pale and sweating.
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I’ve heard over there “jacked up” means things are really good. Over here “jacked up” means things are really bad. Only in some contexts does “jacked” mean things are good in the US.
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Supposedly bugger's supposed to be just 'annoying person', and you'll hear 'silly bugger' in some circumstances, but I think that was a corruption from Gordon Ramsay and Terry Pratchett (and Father Ted, maybe?). It's still pretty low-stakes as an insult even among people that know the original context, though.
Under similar metrics, my impression's that 'arse' is a lot lighter-stakes than the UK take, though it's still not very harsh even in the UK. Same for 'bloody' as a prefix, which I still don't get.
From the other direction, in America, "cunt" is considered rude enough that I'll avoid it in explicit pornographic contexts (though not all Americans will), and could be a firing offense on the first use. Made a work trip to Australia very awkward.
They also use it very freely in Scotland.
In my experience it probably depends on the workplace and culture? I'm Australian born and bred and have a white collar full time job here, and I not only never hear, but would never say the C word.
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"Bloody" is generally just used a generic intensifier. I have a very vivid childhood memory of listening to a newsreader talking about Bloody Sunday on the radio and feeling baffled as to why she was suddenly cursing mid-sentence.
‘Bloody’ is supposedly the descendent of a minced oath for ‘by Our Lady’. I don’t know if it’s true or not.
The generally proposed etymology is that it derives from a now defunct curse “God’s blood!” which was shortened over time to “‘sblood!” and then became used as an intensifier.
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I understand this to be a folk etymology.
Similar minced oaths do exist - my mother was very fond of "strewth!" while I was growing up, a mincing of "God's truth!" - but I believe 'bloody' predates any plausible minced origin.
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Sounds plausible.
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I can easily say "Bug-her"
"I don't want to bugher too much, she's really getting stretched thin."
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