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The Culture War thread has been heavy on War and light on Culture of late so I thought I might offer this as something of palette cleanser.
I've been playing through the original Halo trilogy in split-screen co-op mode with my kids and while I hesitate to call one of the most successful franchises in video game history "underrated", I do feel like people sleep on just how tight and well executed the story-telling in it was.
Clint Hocking, whose work on the Far Cry franchise probably deserves its own essay, is credited with coining the term "Ludonarrative Dissonance" to describe a situation where in a video game's narrative elements are contradicted by the game's ludic elements IE the player experience. What Halo has is the opposite of this. A "Ludonarrative Harmony" if you will, where in the experience of playing the game reinforces its narrative themes and vice-a-versa. So lets talk about those themes...
The Year is 2552 and humanity is at war with an interstellar empire calling itself "The Covenant", a war that humanity is loosing. (Gamers of a certain age, please stand for your national anthem)
Our story begins with a lone starship, the Pillar of Autumn, fleeing a terrible battle and choosing to strike out into deep space rather than risk leading the foe back to Earth. The first lines of dialogue we hear in the entire franchise is our captain asking, "Did we lose them?" only to receive a negative response. In their flight our unwilling Argonauts have come upon the titular Halo, a Bishop Ring with a suspiciously Earth-like environment complete with California Redwoods and 9.81 ms^2 gravity. The ring was built by an extinct race known as "the Forerunners" (names in the Halo series tend to be a bit "on the nose") who the Covenant worship as divine beings. Mankind's Science and Intel officers believe that the ring might hold some secret that could change the course of the war and given that this is a war that humanity is not only losing but losing badly anything that might change the course of the war is naturally a top priority. And thus, we are introduced to our player character...
"Spartans" are surgically enhanced super-soldiers who are apparently kept on in suspended animation until they are needed. A "break glass in case of emergency" type deal. You, the player character, are woken to act as vessel/avatar for the Pillar of Autumn's resident AGI Cortana. Cortana being entirely software, cannot leave the ship or even press a physical button without someone to carry her and act on her behalf, and so she needs your help to investigate the ring, and by extension, hopefully save humanity.
Ultimately, Halo is "a big dumb shooter" in the same way that Gladiator is "a big dumb action movie". That is to say that, yes, it is big, it is dumb, but above all it is fun. and yet there's also a lot more going on under the surface for those inclined to dig which is where I feel the idea of "Ludonarrative Harmony" comes in.
One of fundamental problems that games like Wolfenstein and Call of Duty have is that it's very difficult to provide a narrative justification for why the player, an ostensibly base-model homo sapien, should be able to mow down multiple battalions worth of Nazis without getting mowed down in turn, or why some basic-bitch E-5 is constantly being offered the chance to shoot the cool gun or drive the fancy tank like they're some kind of make-a-wish kid. Halo neatly sidesteps this issue by giving a clear narrative reason for why you, the player, are so much more capable than the NPCs around you. You're a 6.8' hyper-athlete in power armor who has a benevolent super-intelligence riding shotgun in your head. This is sense of capability is further reinforced by how NPCs, both human and alien, react to you. Weaker enemies flee at your approach while friendly NPCs will cheer you on and will freak out if you die. Combine this with Jaime Griesemer's now famous "30 seconds of fun every 3 minutes" principle and what you get is a power fantasy that is not only exceptionally well executed but fully justified within the context of the narrative.
While this power fantasy is what makes Halo work so well as a "big dumb shooter" it exists in tension with the broader text of the narrative. Throughout the game, we are repeatedly reminded that humanity is on the back foot, that the Covenant are both more technologically advanced than humanity and more numerous. We do not know why they seem to be intent on eradicating us, only that they are. The human forces that we encounter during the campaign are almost always outnumbered. Covenant enemies and weapons, especially on higher difficulty settings, are almost always more deadly. Musical cues are either mournful or strident and desperate. There is this subtext to much of the dialogue that the ultimate fate of our intrepid crew will not be a triumphant homecoming. We are Spartans and the ring is to be our Thermopylae (I told you that names in the Halo series tend to be a bit "on the nose").
On its face value Halo is remarkably bleak and yet it also has something that I feel is sorely lacking in a lot of modern media. Sincerity.
As I've gotten older, and especially since having kids, I have found that I have less and less patience for deconstructionist takes, and subversion for subversion's sake. I don't want nihilism and moral ambiguity from my fiction. I get enough of that from studying history. What I want from my fiction is something to inspire and/or aspire to. Yes Halo is bleak, but it is also hopeful. And yes, I recognize that this sounds like a contradiction but it's not because what Halo's story is ultimately about is what do you do when faced with frightful odds or a seemingly hopeless situation? It's about what do you when your faith is shattered, and you find out that much of what you thought you knew about how the universe worked is revealed to have been a carefully crafted lie? It's about duty and loyalty. It's about the relationship between created and creator. It's that meme about "the masculine desire to perish in a heroic last stand" in video game form. It is all of these things, and I think that is why fans keep coming back to it.
I also don't think I properly appreciated any of this until I had the opportunity to experience it again through fresh eyes.
PS: As you might imagine I have opinions about the Paramount+ adaptation and subsequent games released after Howard and Griesemer stepped down, but that's material for a follow on post
Halo 1 (don't remember the sequels as much) is also a fundamentally fascist story. A white-coded "Spartan" single-handedly fights off the aliens intent on destroying the universe at the behest of their superstitious foreign cult. The Flood actually infect the humans like a disease. The xenophobia is celebrated and written into the script, with the Oorah US military as the good guys mercilessly slaughtering thousands of aliens.
I understand the sequels try to add more nuance into the politics of the aliens, but a lot of the sincerity of Halo 1 is the unapologetic roleplaying of a xenophobic warrior-ethos that you won't find in modern games. Wolfenstein of course is an anti-fascist story.
Interestingly the main enemy of Halo 1 is the "Covenant", so it is indeed subversive but subversive in a totally different vector than you see in modern games. Destroy the Covenant to save Civilization from the Aliens looking to destroy it!
Edit: Went a little more into the meaning of the Covenant:
Inb4 "Joo obsessed":
From Wikipedia:
So my revisiting of the symbols in Halo 1 with a more mature perspective was on-point before finding verification of that interpretation.
But yeah, one of the biggest set pieces of Halo 1 is the Covenant ship Truth and Reconciliation in which you infiltrate and kill them all! It was subversive but from the opposite angle of Wolfenstein.
The only problem here is focusing too hard on the Covenant = Jews [in particular] angle. You admit there's also Christian and (was?) Muslim imagery too.
The Covenant were not driven from their homeland, there is no diaspora, and I think its a stretch to compare the Forerunner heresy to that white nationalist idea that actually Whites are God's chosen people (which I assume you were gesturing towards).
Otherwise, I think your sincerity analysis is right: it is like a Xenophobic US Military versus weird foreign religious nuts. You are right of course, for the simple fact that Halo could not get made in Woke era. I could imagine an academic whitepaper calling Halo problematic. It would fit perfectly with a Last Jedi-esque subversive TV show that angers manchildren or whatever. That paper would indeed call the UNSC white-coded [pejorative]. Even if the most famous Marine, Sgt Johnson, is black!
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This is the comment that makes me think you have been a troll all along. Because if you're serious, friend and brother you need to take a long rest and maybe get some professional help. Fascism everywhere, the Joos everywhere, even in a game franchise from decades back. The aliens are the Jews, see, because (and then you pull religious stuff out of your backside). If there is any religious element there, I imagine it's nothing more than "college liberals with STEM degrees made this game and Judaeo-Christian themes are easy stock bad guys".
I do think Covenant being Jew-coded is a red herring. Even as a child I noticed the names are spiritual in general, and not belonging to specific religion. This is why the vehicles have names like Banshee, Ghost, and Wraith. So it never would have occurred to me that it was a hitpiece on actual religions.
In fact, since the religious lore features as part of the plot, I would say they just wanted their aliens to have an interesting motive, not just a boring "we want your resources" like in, Independence Day (1996) or something.
...and then the TV series ditched the religious aspects to make the conflict about political parties and space-oil because they wanted to make something that would be "pertinent to modern audiences" and in so doing they lost the plot.
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This one I never understood. I know about the South African and the one American Truth and Reconciliation commissions. But why do genocidal aliens name their ship Truth and Reconciliation? Irony on the part of the game devs? Skimming Halo wikis doesn't reveal the point.
Halo 1 isn't white. The marines come in all colors. They are 100% space Americans as though modern Marines are somehow battling aliens hundreds of years in the future. I know the marine character models include Hispanics and black people. I recall the drop ship pilot being a black woman, but I'm not sure. They may be space fascists, but they are American space fascists with typical American racial diversity.
Because it sounds badass and vaguely religious. That's really all there is to it.
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I don't really see the irony, Truth and Reconciliation was instituted by Nelson Mandela and supporting Archbishops. It was a multi-racial covenant that tore apart the fabric of society and was motivated by a racial hostility that was called Truth and Reconciliation. In both cases not irony but the warcry of racially hostile fanatics intent on destroying civilization.
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I would argue that Halo (the first game) is only "Fascist" and "White-coded" insofar as those who have succumbed to the woke mind-virus will label anyone to the right of Bernie Sanders "a Fascist" and anything resembling traditional western virtues as "Whiteness". The Master Chief may not be a silent protagonist, but he is very explicitly a faceless one. Fact is that we don't know anything about his race beyond that he is human, and I feel like that is intentional. I also do not believe that historical Fascists would have been very comfortable with the positions that Halo seems to take on questions of agency and free-will. Their whole thing was about the state being the ultimate sovereign and Halo basically says "Fuck That. We don't follow orders we do what is right!". It would seem to me that Halo is more "Stoic" or "Early-Christian" coded than anything else.
As I have argued before, if your model of "Fascism" ends up lumping men like Truman and Churchill in with Hitler and Mussolini your model is not fit for purpose and if you think that Clarence Thomas is "white" I think we need to take a step back and discuss WTF we are even talking about.
Furthermore I do not believe that xenophobia factors into the game's appeal as much as you seem to think it does. The Humans in Halo are not at war with The Covenant because they wanted to "Purge The Xenos!" they are at war because the The Covenant attacked them first. Now if you were talking about the Helldivers or Space Marine franchises you might have a point but the original Halo trilogy is a different beast.
A true soldier fights not because he hates what is in front of him, he fights because he loves what is behind.
It's common across all scifi-mediums for symbolic representation of racial struggle to be depicted as relations between alien species rather than tension among the actual human races of the actors within-species. This was true for Star Trek as well.
Halo is fascist because it depicts racial struggle, an actual race war, and celebrates the heroism of the warrior who saves the world. It pits the pagan-coded Spartan against the Abrahamic-coded Covenant.
They are at war because the Covenant is a coalition of aliens fighting a Holy Race War against humans! And they apparently name their capital ships after racial justice courts!
Well one thing is fascists tend to love their race, which would be represented by Master Chief: racial self-defense against alien hostility. Halo pulls off the "fight for your race" vibe which people just love naturally as much as they will deny it.
I mean by such standards, just about any science fiction series ever written (and probably fantasy fiction as well) is fascist. It seems a bit odd to suggest that any time an action adventure genre piece depicts a war between factions it’s fascism. The negative version isn’t even possible.
I'm getting to the point where I interpret SecureSignals as "Everything is Fascism, and Fascism is awesome because Da Joooos!"
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I'm not surprised that someone who is Jew-obsessed sees Jews in every piece of media, but I'm really curious as to what you think "truth and reconciliation" means.
I correctly inferred the symbolic meaning of the word "Covenant" not that it's cleverly coded or anything. Wikipedia verifies the interpretation for what that's worth.
The "Truth and Reconciliation Commission" was essentially the post-apartheid kangaroo courts. Pretty interesting for Halo to symbolically associate that with the Covenant.
How many people were convicted by these "kangaroo courts"?
TBF I didn't know the exact definition of "kangaroo court" when I made that comment, my sense was that the term referred to the appropriation of the pomp and circumstance of law courts to enforce social narratives. But after reviewing the definition of the term I think I got it basically correct.
Apartheid was a racial conflict. Truth and Reconciliation was the codification of a particular social perspective of that racial conflict, and one which was in my view fundamentally hostile to white people and false and highly damaging. Much like it is in Canada today where they also call those initiatives Truth and Reconciliation.
It's interesting we look at history and the absurdity of Stalinist propaganda and think- "we would never fall for that! They call their blatant lies Truth, but that wouldn't work on us!" and unfortunately it does.
I do think unequivocally the association of Truth and Reconciliation with the Halo Covenant is a social critique of that racial conflict from a right-wing perspective. There's not really a coherent alternative explanation, there's a reason the writer associated the Covenant with Truth and Reconciliation, particularly in the context of an alliance of Aliens fighting a race war against Humans. And Truth and Reconciliation destroyed the Human colony at Reach, didn't they...
Namely, the social perspective that racial conflict is a Bad Thing, and that it would behoove us to try to learn to live together, that we not all die alone.
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My point is that the Truth and Reconciliation commission in South Africa cannot have been a kangaroo court in any definition because they convicted zero people. That was very fundamentally not their concept or purpose.
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Wikipedia:
Argument by Google/Wikipedia is obnoxious and low effort. "What do you think that means?" is generally not a request for a literal definition and you know that.
I thought it was a request for a literal definition. I personally had never heard of these "racial-justice courts" before, and had to look them up myself.
My point was that SS thought they were "kangaroo courts", which was ironic (and displayed his ignorance on the subject) because they convicted no one.
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Speak plainly, What are you saying?
I was just relaying the results of a simple Google search before SecureSignals himself responded.
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Halo does NOT depict a racial struggle at all, it is portrays a religious struggle. The Covenant are very notably not only a multi-racial but a multi-species empire. They are multiple species/tribes united by a shared belief, a shared covenant, that is why they are called "The Covenant". (Again, I told you that names in the Halo series tend to be a bit "on the nose"). Frankly, you should know this given that you brough up the definition of Covenant in your OP.
Furthermore our hero, the Master Chief, is neither pagan-coded (see @RandomRanger's comment below), nor does he "save the world". He destroys the Ring, and while he does manage to save mankind from extinction, he doesn't do so through force of arms but rather by exposing the malicious forces acting behind the scenes and convincing his counterpart on the opposing side that he is amongst the righteous.
Straight question, have you even played the campaign?
Yes, you might as well say that Stargate is fascist and about racial struggle.
In fact, both stories aren't really a religious struggle but a struggle of science against blind superstition and plain lies. The stories don't really grant respect to the opposing side as theories or moral systems.
The Covenant are just provably wrong because they've sacralized what are scientific instruments and their credulity has led them to not only kill their own gods but get used as tools by the Prophets (who know some of the doctrine is false but refuse to collapse the business model).
The Jaffa/servants of all of the Goa'uld in Stargate are also just wrong (and terrorized into submission): their gods are not only technologically advanced aliens masquerading as such, they're not even the original inventors of their technology! The actual inventors are, while effete, durably in the scientist-humanist camp.
(Stargate did have to wrestle with the inevitable power creep taking them to a place where their enemies could make a good case for being gods and their religion was at least somewhat efficacious though)
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Inbred socioreligious elites using ethnic replacement to displace their former warrior caste is a funny thing to dwell upon now, but back then, it was just another thing that made you sympathize with the Arbiter more. This is the kind of 4chan joke that gives you a sensible chuckle.
Truth and Reconciliation being the name of the Covenant ship you attack in Halo 1 is pretty on the nose though looking back and actually making a criticism of socio-religious cults destroying social fabric. The Truth and Reconciliation was present at the fall of the Reach! That would have been written just a few years after the real TRC even though as kids that certainly didn't come to the mind of me or any of my friends.
So the Sekrit Messaging didn't work all that well, did it?
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I think the novelty of this was part of why Helldivers II did so well. It's unapologetic, but rides the line on being tongue-in-cheek about it.
Yeah I thought about calling out Helldivers II even though I've never played it. My understanding is it's more of a Starship Troopers phenomenon where the writers were trying to subvert the "xenophobic warrior-ethos" but they accidentally made it too cool so that players unironically like it. So I would call that more of a subversion that backfired, in contrast with the sincerity of Halo 1.
Or maybe, most likely of all, they were trying to cash-in on that pulse while having plausible deniability!
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The interesting thing about Halo and the TV show 24 is how they were both thematically and tonally a perfect fit for the aftermath of 9/11 and the beginning of the War on Terror, even though they were both written before it happened.
The movie Starship Troopers is really on the nose criticism of the War on Terror. Even more impressive since it came out in 1997.
As much as I adore the '97 movie, I really wish someone would do a proper adaption. Yes I'm aware that Roughnecks exists, but what I want is a serious character piece that grapples with the emotional and philosophical themes of Heinlein's novel.
To the everlasting glory of the infantry...
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Because the Cold War was a planet-scale existential conflict lasting almost half a century, it provides examples of most of the tropes human conflict can generate. Because nukes made a direct heroic battlefield victory obviously impossible and, with hindsight, the goodies won almost entirely by soft power, most of the lessons of the examples come out in the "war bad" direction.
The basic argument against waging Albigensian Crusades is timeless. I suspect it was already old when Croesus crossed the river and destroyed a great empire.
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